Gothic literature Essay Example for Free

Gothic writing Essay Because of the inquiry â€Å"is gothic writing simply dreamer? † considering Austen’s Northanger Abbey and Walpole’s tale The Castle of Ontranto, which is perceived as essentially building up the class, the appropriate response is yes. Mansion of Ontranto Brief Plot outline The plot of Castle starts maximum capacity as Conrad, child of Manfred of house Otranto, is squashed by a goliath protective cap on his big day, additionally his birthday. In view of the relationships political associations, Manfred chooses to separate from his better half, Hippolita, and wed Conrads promised, Isabella. In the midst of theories about an antiquated prescience guaranteeing That the manor and lordship of Otranto should go from the current family, at whatever point the genuine proprietor ought to be become too huge to even consider inhabiting it, Manfreds second association is disturbed by a progression of powerful occasions including numerous larger than average appendages, phantoms, baffling blood, and a genuine ruler (Wikipedia). Mansion of Ontranto speaks to the quintessential Gothic story. It made the class. Key instances of this can be viewed as follows: 1 Note: that Gothic writing is idealist using differentiating explicit components to make struggle and draw the consideration of the peruser. (the primary topics generally basic in these two books are: loathsomeness versus sentiment, great versus fiendish, and the component of riddle fundamentally the known versus the obscure. ) The Castle of Ontranto opens with the line â€Å"Manfred, Prince of Otranto, had one child and one girl: the last mentioned, a most excellent virgin, matured eighteen, was called Matilda (chp1). † This is an exceptionally phenomenal situation from the principle character being a Prince to the little girl being a wonderful multi year old virgin in a period when numerous ladies in esteemed families were offered by the age of 14. The creator proceeds to call attention to how the child Conrad three years more youthful than Matilda is revolting wiped out delicate and pale. The demonstration of quickly standing out Conrad’s appalling sickliness from Matilda’s excellence and unadulterated virginity, altogether characterizes the gothic sort, which is actually characterized as â€Å"an significant type of writing that consolidates components of both repulsiveness and sentiment. † - Another significant differentiation other than loathsomeness and sentiment is acceptable and detestable. This can be seen in Walpole’s epic through the distinctions in the characters. The Castle of Otranto rotates around a revile that has been put upon the group of Manfred, leader of the territory of Otranto. The revile is marginally not well characterized, yet evidently undermines the finish of Manfreds rule and decimation of his family. Manfred is an insatiable man who plots and plans to outsmart this revile. He is plainly the antagonist of the novel and stands out unequivocally from the three driving ladies, Hippolita his significant other, Matilda his little girl and Isabella the proposed spouse of his child. These ladies speak to the powers of good all through the novel. NOTE: Heroines in gothic books just as in contemporary repulsiveness is a typical subject a significant case of this being underlined in Northanger nunnery can be seen when Austen says, â€Å"Chapter 1 But from fifteen to seventeen she was in preparing for a courageous woman; she read every such work as champions must peruse to gracefully their recollections with those citations which are so functional thus alleviating in the changes of their eventfuly lives. † (page 9) NOTE: instances of Romance as a topic in Northanger Abbey â€Å"Friendship is positively the best medicine for the aches of disillusioned love. † Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey â€Å"In each force, of which taste is the establishment, greatness is pretty genuinely isolated between the genders. â€Å" Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, 1818

The Mysterious Giant Squid :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Mysterious Giant Squid Around 80 percent of the Earth is shrouded in water. With most of life on this planet living in the fluid we like to call the quintessence of life, we as people speak to a minority on this planet. A significant part of the submerged world stays a puzzle to us, with the mammoth squid being probably the best secret of all. How close would we say we are to really understanding the puzzle of this profound water mammoth? For the main known refering to of one of these animals, you would need to return to November of 1861, when group individuals from the French dispatch liner Alecton spotted what gave off an impression of being a huge ocean beast off the bank of the Canary Islands. The group tossed spears at the animal, however those would not remain in the substance for long. At the point when the group drew near enough to put a noose around the animal, the rope fixed and slice through the creature, making its vast majority sink to the base of the ocean. The group, in any case, figured out how to pull the tail of the animal ready, and take it back to the French Consul. From that point the tail and a report about the animal advanced toward the French Academy of Sciences. Mammoth squid, of which there are a wide range of animal types, have been spotted under multiple times in the only remaining century, however none have been found in their common living space, the profundities of the ocean, or got on tape. It was at first idea that squids just lived somewhere down in the sea from 200-1000 meters underneath the surface, a region extremely hard for researchers to consider. Why at that point have these squids been seen at the ocean’s surface? As indicated by Dr. Malcolm Clarke of the Marine Biological Association, temperature influences the squid’s lightness instrument. The hotter, shallower water will make a goliath squid ascend to the surface and not have the option to get down. With water temperature at it’s most noteworthy at the surface the squid would point of fact not have the option to get down, hence bringing about individuals seeing mammoth squids at the outside of the sea. Infrequently, a mammoth squid will appear on shore or will come up in an angling net, which has permitted researchers to get a nearby perception of these squid and their life systems.

Coping With Coulrophobia or the Fear of Clowns

Coping With Coulrophobia or the Fear of Clowns Phobias Types Print Coping With Coulrophobia Symptoms The Fear of Clowns By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on February 18, 2020 Laure Nicolas / EyeEm/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Are you afraid of clowns? Coulrophobia has been coined as an informal term for severe fear of clowns. Officially, it  falls into the category of a specific phobia if it is persistent and interferes with normal functioning. Many people experience discomfort with clowns that isnt a true phobia. Are Hospital Clowns Scary or Soothing? Fear of clowns can be a problem in the case of medical clowning, which is often done in pediatric settings as a way  to relieve childrens anxiety. One study in the U.S. found a 1.2 percent prevalence of fear of clowns in pediatric patients, with over 85 percent of the children who had that fear being girls.?? They felt fear even thinking about a visit from a clown. However, other studies find a very positive role in hospital clowns. Researchers found that four out of 14 pediatricians and pediatric residents they polled considered themselves afraid of clowns. BBC News  tells of a survey done at British hospitals by the University of Sheffield that found all 250 children (age 4 to 16) who were polled expressed a fear or dislike of clowns. Widespread Fear of Clowns Why might people dislike or fear clowns? Joseph Durwin of Trinity University postulates that there are two commonly accepted schools of thought. One is that the fear is based on a negative personal experience with a clown at a young age. The second theory is that mass media has created a hype surrounding evil clowns such that even children who are not personally exposed to clowns are trained to dislike or fear them. However, neither of these theories is entirely satisfactory. History of the Clown Durwin continues into an impressive history of the clown, dating back to the jester or fool of ancient times. In those days, the clown was given permission and even expected, to represent the deviant side of human nature, from openly defying the sexual norms of the day to mocking the gods. As time went on, the jester morphed into the trickster, a more sinister figure with intentions that were less than honorable. The modern circus clown is an outgrowth of the tramp clowns of the Depression-era. Tramp clowns were largely members of the unsavory underclass who entertained the most privileged with a caricatured look at their daily existence. Although most tramp clowns were harmless, a seedy underbelly did exist among the clown circuit. By the 1980s, clown phobia had reached a peak.?? Rumors of ritual abuse of children were rampant, and clowns figured heavily into many of the stories. Spontaneous reports of clown harassment began pouring in from children nationwide. Even urban legends began to focus on killer clowns lying in wait for hapless babysitters. Soon Stephen King tapped into the national consciousness with the definitive killer clown work of fiction, It.?? Killer Clowns and Circus Clowns In the decades that followed, killer clowns have become a part of our human myths. At Halloween events, killer clowns are often part of the festivities. Yet the killer clowns innocent cousin, the circus clown, continues to delight and amaze the young and the young at heart. How can we justify this seemingly incompatible coexistence? A possible explanation can be found by looking to the past. Throughout history, clowns have represented the side of us that is not acceptable to society. That side is formed from our most primal urges and is not always neat or pretty. Perhaps the clown both attracts and repels us because he or she holds up a mirror to our inner selves. Until more research is performed, the causes of clown phobia will remain firmly in the realm of speculation. Fortunately, it is possible for mental health professionals to treat clown phobia, as any other phobia, without learning the precise reasons for its development.??

Analysis Of Robert Kagan s Article The Importance Of...

Robert Kagan’s article â€Å"The Importance of U.S. Military Might Shouldn’t be underestimated† examines whether or not implementing defense cuts would be good for the US national interests. He argues that it would not be good idea due to the U.S’s use of the military force to help spread democracy around the world and upholding the international system. He fears that these defense budget reductions will lead to U.S. forced to cede power over to other countries due to the reduction of the U.S.’s ability to provide security. Kagan uses concepts from realism and idealism within his article to persuade his audience to persuade his audience that cutting the defense budget is a terrible idea. Kagan uses idealist concepts†¦show more content†¦Kagan emphasizes idealist concepts of international order and soft power. However, Kagan then argues against using these concepts all the time. He states that â€Å"soft power has its limits.† US can be popular and loved and then be hated throughout the world, however US military power dominance is always a constant means to keep international order. People hated the US during the Vietnam era, nut the countries that rely on the US for security will overlook their people’s hatred for the U.S. dominance in favor of keeping the alliance that protects them from threatening neighbors.(2) The international order depends on U.S. military not its popularity, economy, or other means. The ability to use diplomacy to pursue peace is also impeded if there is no commitment to defense spending. Congress’s refusal to commit military power to defense of peace limited President’s Wilson ability to shape peace and put in place the League of Nations. (2) Thus, the concepts of idealism, soft power and international order, cannot be relied on all the time. He then moves on to a realist perspective in explaining stopping the budget cuts are in the U.S. national

Distributed Database Vs Centralized Database - 1864 Words

Distributed Database vs Centralized Database centralized database: In a centralized database, all the data of an organization is stored in a single place such as a mainframe computer or a server. Users in remote locations access the data through the Wide Area Network (WAN) using the application programs provided to access the data. In a centralized database, all data of an organization are kept in a single computer as a central processor or server. Users in remote locations access data by using WAN by application software provided to access data. The centralized database (the central processor or server) should be able to satisfy all requests from the system; therefore, it creates restricted access. But since all data resides in a single location it easier to maintain and support data. In addition, it is easier to maintain the integrity of data, because once the data is stored in a centralized database, out-of-date data is no longer available in other places. Distributed Database: In a distributed database, the data is stored in storage devices that are in different physical locations. They are not attached to a common CPU but the database is controlled by a central DBMS. In a distributed database, data is stored in storage devices that are situated in different physical locations. They are not attached to a common central unit, but the database is controlled by the central DBMS. Data can be accessed by users in a distributed database by accessing the WAN. The process ofShow MoreRelatedData Mining Area Known As Closed Itemset Mining Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesof their businesses. Data mining aims to discover implicit, already unknown, and potentially useful information that is embedded in data. Frequent itemsets play an main role in a lot of data mining tasks that try to get interesting patterns in databases, such as association rules, clusters, sequences correlations, episodes and classier. 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Ap Gov. Chapter Four Study Guide Free Essays

Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Study Guide A. Chapter 4: a. Terms: i. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Gov. Chapter Four Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Civil Liberties: The legal constitutional protections against government. Although our civil liberties are formally set down in the Bill of Rights, the courts, police, and legislatures define their meaning. ii. Bill of Rights: The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution, which define such basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, and press and guarantee defendants’ rights. iii. First Amendment: The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly. v. Fourteenth Amendment: The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, No State shall make or enforce and law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. v. Due Process Clause: Part of the Fourteenth Amendm ent guaranteeing that persons cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property by the United States or state governments without due process of law. i. Incorporation Doctrine: The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. vii. Establishment Clause: Part of the First Amendment stating that, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. † viii. Free Exercise Clause: A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion. ix. Prior Restraint: A government preventing material from being published. This is a common method of limiting the press in some nations, but is usually unconstitutional in the United States, according to the First Amendment and as confirmed in the 1931 Supreme Court case of Near v. Minnesota. x. Libel: The publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone’s reputation. xi. Symbolic Speech: Nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the First Amendment. xii. Commercial Speech: Communication in the form of advertising. It can be restricted more than any other types of speech but has been receiving increased protection from the Supreme Court. xiii. Probable Clause: The situation occurring when the police have reason to believe that a person should be arrested. In making the arrest, police are allowed legally to search for and seize incriminating evidence. xiv. Unreasonable Searches and Seizures: Obtaining evidence in haphazard or random manner, a practice prohibited by the Fourth Amendment. Probably cause and/or a search warrant are required for a legal and proper search for an seizure of incriminating evidence. xv. Search Warrant: A written authorization from a court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching for. xvi. Exclusionary Rule: The rule that evidence, no matter how incriminating, cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained. The rule prohibits use of evidence obtained through unreasonable search and seizure. xvii. Fifth Amendment: A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law. xviii. Self-Incrimination: The situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or herself in court. The Fifth Amendment forbids self-incrimination. xix. Sixth Amendment: A constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial. x. Plea Bargaining: A bargain struck between the defendant’s lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime (or fewer crimes) in exchange for the state’s promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious (or additional) crime. xxi. Eight Amendment: The constitutional amendment that forbids cruel and unusual punishment, although it does not define this phrase. Though the Fourteenth Amendment, this Bill of Rights provision applies to the states. xxii. Cruel and Unusual Punishment: Court sentences prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. Although the Supreme Court has rules that mandatory death sentences for certain offenses are unconstitutional, it has not held that the death penalty itself constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. xxiii. Right to Privacy: The right to a private personal life free from the intrusion of government. xxiv. Marketplace of Ideas: the public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete xxv. Inevitable Discovery: exception to the exclusionary rule that allows the use of illegally obtained evidence at trial if the court determines that the evidence would eventually have been found by legal means xxvi. The Smith Act: required fingerprinting and registering of all aliens in the u. s. and made it a crime to teach or advocate the violent overthrow of the u. s. government xxvii. Hate Crimes: crimes that involve hate against people because of color, race, or ethnic origin xxviii. Obscenity: an offensive or indecent word or phrase xxix. Miranda Warnings: warnings that must be read to suspects prior to questioning. Suspects must be advised that they have the rights of silence and counsel b. Cases: i. Schenck v. US: Speech is not constitutionally protected when the words used under the circumstances present a clear and present danger of bringing about the evil Congress has a right to prevent ii. Gitlow v. New York: State statutes are unconstitutional if they are arbitrary and unreasonable attempts to exercise authority vested in the state to protect public interests. iii. Dennis v. US: The First Amendment does not protect the right to free speech when the nature or circumstances are such that the speech creates a clear and present danger of substantial harm to important national interests. v. Yates v. US: v. New York Times v. US vi. US v. O’Brien vii. Tinker v. Des Moines: viii. Mapp v. Ohio ix. US v. Eichman: x. Near v. Minnesota: xi. New York Times v. Sulllivan: xii. Miranda v. Arizona: xiii. Engle v. Vitale: xiv. Reynolds v. US: xv. Brandedneg v. Ohio: xvi. BSA v. Dale: xvii. Lemon v. Kurtzman: xviii. West Virginia v. Barnette: xix. Gideon v. Wainwright: xx. Smith v. Collins: xxi. Wallace v. Jaffree: xxii. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier: xxiii. Santa Fe School Dist. V. Doe: xxiv. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale: c. Questions: i. Protections of the First Amendment were not originally extended to the states because every state had it’s own bill of rights. But if a state passes a law violating one of the rights protected by the Bill of rights and the states constitution doesn’t prohibit this then nothing happens. This is determined from the Barron v. Baltimore case that said it only restrains governments, not states and cities. Later though, it was changed by the ruling of Gitlow v. New York that said that states had to respect to some First Amendment rights. ii. Freedom of speech is the right to express opinions without censorship or restraint. There are many types of speech: 1. Libel: The publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone’s reputation. 2. Symbolic Speech: Nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the First Amendment. 3. Commercial Speech: Communication in the form of advertising. It can be restricted more than any other types of speech but has been receiving increased protection from the Supreme Court. iii. Basic restrictions on speech include: prior restraint, government preventing material from being published; obscenity, inappropriate speech; libel, false statements being published; slander. The government can limit symbolic speech if the act was to intimidate. iv. Brief Explanations: 1. Search and Seizure: must have probable cause to search personal affects; can only take what they went into search for 2. Privilege Against Self-Incrimination: this fifth amendment right protects a defendant from being forced to testify against him or herself; it protects against compelled testimonial evidence 3. Right to Due Process: if people believe their rights are being violated, they have the right to a fair and impartial hearing 4. Right to Counsel: individual right found in the sixth amendment of the constitution that requires criminal defendants to have access to legal representation v. The three basics tests the courts use to determine the constitutionality of a law is the Lemon Test. It states that: 1. the statute must have a secular legislative purpose 2. its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion 3. the statute must not foster â€Å"an excessive government entanglement with religion. â€Å" How to cite Ap Gov. Chapter Four Study Guide, Papers

Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in Relation to the Product - services

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Purchasing an imported small car like the Austin Mini Cooper Purchasing an important car like Austin Mini Cooper can be afforded best by the lavish mod-con segment of people. According to the theory of reasoned action, prudent traditionalists can be considered as the least likely consumers for the product. According to the theory of reasoned action, the product can be brought by people from middle to higher income group (Cohen, Prayag Moital, 2014). A country which has higher GDP and the lifestyle of the people is very privileged can easily afford the product or car like Austin Mini Cooper. Thus, for people belonging to a progressive state can very conveniently afford the product. Going to the local caf for your regular coffee and breakfast The most likely buyers for going to a local cafe for the regular breakfast and coffee are the group of progressive cosmopolitan. The least likely buyers who would go to local cafe for breakfast and coffee on a regular basis are the prudent traditionalist. In accordance with the factors such as the concern regarding limiting everyday's expenditure by people affects the buyer behaviour of the customer (East, Wright Vanhuele, 2013). A state where the people are more progressive and the lifestyle is very much hectic, people do not have time to prepare their own breakfast and have the habit of rushing for work. In those scenarios, the people of the state would prefer to have regular coffee and breakfast on a daily basis at a local cafe. Joining a gym and fitness centre The most likely buyer or consumer who would join a gym and fitness centre includes the progressive cosmopolitan as these sections of people prefer to accept progressive things in life and love to remain updated with the lifestyle. For this section of consumers, the social factors play an important role it eh buying behaviour (Foxall, 2014). These would include the perception of the society towards their outlook regarding their health and fitness in order to always be presentable in the social gatherings. The least likely group of consumers regarding this subject are the anti-establishment firebrand. This tribe of people does not need a life that is organized or predictable. For them, the psychological behaviour comes into play while buying the service or product as they basically do not care what people think of them or their appearances. Therefore, these sections of people have the least possibility to go to the gym for their fitness (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Buying beer from the local bottle shop and watching footie at home The most likely consumer for buying beers from the local bottle shop and watching footie at home would include the anti-establishment firebrand. According to the motivation need theory, this section of the Australians find their needs to be fulfilled by enjoying their beers in their home environment and they do not consider faring well with other people. Thus, they would enjoy having their own space with their sort of relaxation and entertainment in their own way without any outside interference (Schiffman, et al., 2013). The least likely tribe to buy beers from a local shop and watching footie at home is the lavish mod-con as these groups of people will look forward to maintaining their social status and image by being in the finer places and situations. Thus, they will not opt for going to shop for beer at a local shop rather would opt to go to high-class clubs. In this case, the social factors play an important role in the buying behaviour of the lavish mod-con tribe (Schtte Ciarlante, 2016). Ordering food online through providers like Menulog, Panda Food e.t.c. The most likely consumer tribe who would order food online through the providers like Panda Food or Menu log, etc are the progressive cosmopolitan as they prefer exploring changes and privileges. They relish the initiatives and facilities that they can get. while the least likely tribe to farewell regarding online food ordering through various services are the ambitious savers as they watch every spending and expenditure who would prefer to prepare their own food in order to save money (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2013). In this case of ambitious savers, their behaviour towards saving money is affecting their decision regarding not buying food through online ordering. Installing renewable energy like solar panels in their houses For the services like installing renewable energy like solar panels in the houses, the most likely consumer base would be ambitious savers as they would prefer to save energy and opt for renewable sources of energy in order to save expenditures. The psychological factors along with the Maslow hierarchy need theory is having a significant role in the buying behaviour of the ambitious savers as their needs regarding the obtainment of energy along with saving money, both are being satisfied (Wikstrm, et al., 2014). The least likely consumers group for availing the renewable energy like solar panels are the lavish mod-on as they do not think regarding the minimizing expenditures. The social conditioning factors play an important role for the lavish tribe as they need to have the best of luxuries and therefore, would not consider the ways to minimize energy and money use. Buying homeware products at DIY (Do It Yourself) hardware stores like Bunnings The most likely consumer base for buying home ware products at DIY hardware stores like Bunnings are the activist egalitarians as their psychological factors relating to the traditions dominate their decision making of purchase (Schtte Ciarlante, 2016). They are not impressed by the luxuries around them and would rather opt for buying products that they require from the DIY hardware stores. The least likely consumer base for buying products from the DIY stores is the lavish mod-con. Shopping at Big W Shopping at Big W would have the progressive cosmopolitan the most as they embrace multiculturalism and love to be around the multiculturalism spaces. The least likely consumer base who would opt to shop at Big W is the disillusioned pessimists. The psychological factors play an important role in their buying behaviour as they have pessimist feelings regarding everything (Wikstrm, et al., 2014). They would not appreciate the offers that would be available at the store. Eating at fast food restaurants like McDonald and K.F.C The most likely consumer base for availing food services at fast food restaurants like McDonalds and KFC are the progressive cosmopolitan on which their psychological belief regarding availing all the privileges and services that a city has to offer them. These people believe in embracing every aspect of a progressive state. the least likely consumer base to avail the food services at fast food restaurants like KFC and McDonalds are the ambitious savers who would have the their sense of saving money to consider which influences theory buying behaviour. Playing poker machines at our local RSL or Leagues club on a regular basis. Playing a poker machine at our local RSL or League's club on a regular basis will attract a consumer base like the lavish mod-con as their social and psychological factors to have the best and refined things and luxuries of life would attract them to have this privilege (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). The least likely consumer base for the service would be ambitious saver who would not prefer spending their money on these luxuries which would not let them gain anything tangible in return. References Cohen, S.A., Prayag, G. and Moital, M., 2014. Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), pp.872-909. East, R., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M., 2013.Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Foxall, G.R., 2014.Consumer Behaviour (RLE Consumer Behaviour): A Practical Guide(Vol. 3). Routledge. Horner, S. and Swarbrooke, J., 2016.Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Schtte, H. and Ciarlante, D., 2016.Consumer behaviour in Asia. Springer. Solomon, M.R., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2013.Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia. Wikstrm, F., Williams, H., Verghese, K. and Clune, S., 2014. The influence of packaging attributes on consumer behaviour in food-packaging life cycle assessment studies-a neglected topic.Journal of Cleaner Production,73, pp.100-108.